1. CHEST X-RAY (CXR)
Uses:
- Checks heart size & shape
- Detects pulmonary congestion & cardiomegaly
- Identifies aortic & pulmonary abnormalities
Mnemonic:
"CXR = HAP"
- Heart size
& shape
- Aortic &
pulmonary abnormalities
- Pulmonary
congestion
2.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (ECHO)
Types:
• 2D ECHO – Shows real-time heart images.
• Doppler ECHO – Measures blood flow velocity.
• Transesophageal ECHO (TEE) – High-resolution posterior
heart imaging.
Mnemonic:
"2D Doppler TEEs the Heart!"
- 2D –
Structure
- Doppler
– Flow
- TEE –
Posterior
3. DOPPLER ECHO
Uses sound waves to assess blood flow
- Detects stenosis, regurgitation, pressure gradients
- Uses Color Flow Imaging
- Pulsed-Wave & Continuous-Wave Doppler
Mnemonic:
"Red Toward, Blue Away!"
Red = Blood towards probe
Blue = Blood away from probe
4. STRESS
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- Exercise or Drug-Induced Stress
- Helps diagnose ischemic heart disease
- Identifies wall motion abnormalities
Mnemonic:
"Stress Echo = Stressed Heart Check"
5. NUCLEAR
CARDIOLOGY
- Uses radioisotopes to check heart function
- Detects ischemia, infarction, and viability
- Includes PET, SPECT, Thallium Scan
Mnemonic:
"PET SPECTs the Heart"
- Positron Emission
Tomography
- Single Photon
Emission CT
6. CARDIAC MRI
& CT
- MRI – Soft tissue & heart muscle imaging
- CT – Detects coronary calcifications & blockages
Mnemonic:
"MRI for Muscle, CT for Calcium"
7. CARDIAC
CATHETERIZATION (ANGIOGRAPHY)
- Gold standard for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD)
- Uses contrast dye & X-ray
- Measures intracardiac pressures
Routes:
• Femoral (Preferred)
• Brachial (Alternative)
Mnemonic:
"Cath Checks CAD"
- Coronary Artery
Disease
- Contrast dye
- Arterial
access
- Diagnostic
test
8. BLOOD TESTS
FOR HEART DISEASE
- Cardiac Markers – Troponin, CK-MB
- Lipid Profile – Cholesterol levels
- BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide) – Checks heart failure
- D-Dimer – Checks for clots
Mnemonic:
"TLC for the Heart"
- Troponin – Heart
Attack
- Lipid
Profile – Cholesterol
- CK-MB – Myocardial
Damage
FINAL REVISION WITH MNEMONICS
- CXR = "HAP" (Heart, Aorta, Pulmonary Congestion)
- 2D Doppler TEEs the Heart
- Red Toward, Blue Away! (Doppler Echo)
- PET SPECTs the Heart
- MRI for Muscle, CT for Calcium
- Cath Checks CAD
- TLC for the Heart (Troponin, Lipids, CK-MB)
