Acute ischemia: signs [especially limbs]
6 P's:
APKD: signs, complications, accelerators
11 B's:
*Signs:
- Bloody urine
- Bilateral pain [vs. stones, which are usually unilateral pain]
- Blood pressure up
- Bigger kidneys
- Bumps palpable
*Complications:
- Berry aneurysm
- Biliary cysts
- Bicuspid valve [prolapse and other problems]
*Accelerators:
- Boys
- Blacks
- Blood pressure high
Apoptosis vs. necrosis
"LIFELESS" (since cells are dead):
*Differences are in:
- Leaky membranes
- Inflammatory response
- Fate
- Extent
- Laddering
- Energy dependent
- Swell or shrink
- Stimulus
Barter's syndrome: pathogenesis, major sign
- Barter: "In exchange for giving away Na+,K+,Cl-, you can drop the blood pressure".
Buerger's disease: features
"burger SCRAPS":
- Segmenting thrombosing vasculitis
- Claudication (intermittent)
- Raynaud's phenomenon
- Associated with smoking
- Pain, even at rest
- Superficial nodular phlebitis
*Alternatively, if hungry for more detail [sic], "CRISP PIG burgers":
- Chronic ulceration
- Raynaud's phenomenon
- Intermittent claudication
- Segmenting, thrombosing vasculitis
- Pain, even at rest
- Phlebitis (superficial nodular)
- Idiopathic
- Gangrene
Calcification: metastatic vs. dystrophic
- Metastatic: Metabolism imbalance.
- Dystrophic: Damaged tissue.
Carcinomas having tendency to metastasize to bone
"Particular Tumours Love Killing Bone":
- Prostate
- Thyroid
- Lung
- Kidney
- Breast
Dandy-Walker syndrome: components
"Dandy Walker Syndrome":
- Dilated 4th ventricle
- Water on the brain
- Small vermis
Deep venous thrombosis: diagnosis
DVT:
- Dilated superficial veins/ Discoloration/ Doppler ultrasound
- Venography is gold standard
- Tenderness of Thigh and calf
Deep venous thrombosis: genetic causes
ALASCA:
- Antithrombin III
- Leiden (Factor V)
- APC (Activated Protein C)
- S-protein deficiency
- C-protein deficiency
- Antiphospholipid antibody
Disseminated Intravascular Cogulation: causes
DIC:
- Delivery TEAR (obstetric complications)
- Infections (gram negative)/ Immunological
- Cancer (prostate, pancreas, lung, stomach)
*Obstretrical complications are TEAR:
- Toxemia of pregnancy
- Emboli (amniotic)
- Abrutio placentae
- Retain fetus products
Duchenne vs. Becker Muscular Dystrophy
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) : Doesn't Make Dystrophin.
- Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD): Badly Made Dystrophin (a truncated protein).
Edwards' syndrome: characteristics
EDWARDS:
- Eighteen (trisomy)
- Digit overlapping flexion
- Wide head
- Absent intellect (mentally retarded)
- Rocker-bottom feet
- Diseased heart
- Small lower jaw
Fat embolism: findings
"Fat, Bat, Fract":
- Fat in urine, sputum
- Bat-wing lung x-ray
- Fracture history
*Also, fracture of FEMur causes Fat EMboli.
Fragile X syndrome: features
FEMALES
- FMR1 gene
- Exhibits anticpation
- Macro-orchidism
- Autism
- Long face with large jaw
- Everted eyes
- Second most common casue of genetic mental retardation
Herpes I and II: lab findings.
She's an odd chick: whenever she's in a restaurant, she always orders Her Peas and Cow dry.
Herpes I and II have Cowdry Type A inclusion bodies
Histiocytosis X: hallmark finding
"Birbeck's rackets is X":
- Tennis rackets under electron microscope is Histiocystosis X.
- Consider 2 tennis rackets in an X formation.
Kwashiorkor: distinguishing from Marasmus
FLAME:
- Fatty Liver
- Anemia
- Malabsorption
- Edema
Lichen planus: characteristics
- Planus has 4 P's:
- Peripheral
- Polygonal
- Pruritus
- Purple
Mc Ardle's syndrome: Features
MCARDLES:
- Myoglobinuria
- Cramping after exercise
- Accumulated glycogen
- Recessive inheritance
- Deficiency of muscle phosphorylase
- Lactate levels fail to rise
- Elevated creatine kinase
- Skeletal muscle only
Melanoma vs. basal cell, squamous cell carcinoma: metastatic ability
- MElanoma is more likely to
- MEtastasize.
*Basal and squamous hardly ever metastasize
Necrosis: the 4 types
"Life Can Get Complicated":
- Liquifactive
- Coagulation
- Gangrene
- Caseous
*'Life' used since necrosis is 'death'.
Neuroblastoma: features
N-MYC:
- Nuclei have "double minutes"
- Malignant
- Young
- Catecholamine secreting
*And hallmark is n-myc amplification.
Pick's disease: features
PICK:
- Progressive degeneration of neurons
- Intracytoplasmic Pick bodies
- Cortical atrophy
- Knife edge gyri
Pick's disease: location, action, epidemiology
- Pick axes are Picking away at the old woman's cerebral cortex, causing cortical atrophy.
- 2 pick axes on her brain: frontal lobe and anterior 1/3 of temporal.
- An old woman, since epidemiology is elderly & more common in women.
PKU findings
PKU:
- Pale hair, skin
- Krazy (neurological abnormalities)
- Unpleasant smell
