Behavior refers to the actions, reactions, and mannerisms exhibited by individuals in response to internal and external stimuli. It is influenced by genetics, environment, emotions, and cognition. Studying behavior helps in understanding human psychology, mental disorders, and social interactions.
Types of Behavior
- Innate
Behavior – Inborn, automatic responses (e.g., reflex actions, crying in
infants).
- Learned
Behavior – Acquired through experience and observation (e.g., social
etiquette, academic skills).
- Adaptive
Behavior – Helps individuals adjust to their environment (e.g.,
problem-solving, cooperation).
- Maladaptive
Behavior – Interferes with daily life (e.g., aggression, phobias,
addiction).
- Overt
Behavior – Observable actions (e.g., talking, running).
- Covert
Behavior – Internal processes like thoughts and emotions that are not
directly visible.
- Voluntary
Behavior – Controlled actions performed intentionally (e.g., studying,
exercising).
- Involuntary
Behavior – Automatic, reflexive responses (e.g., blinking, sweating).
Causes of Behavioral Disorders
- Biological
Factors – Genetic predisposition, brain abnormalities, neurochemical
imbalances.
- Psychological
Factors – Trauma, stress, depression, anxiety.
- Social
& Environmental Factors – Family conflicts, peer
pressure, poor upbringing, neglect.
- Medical
Conditions – Neurological disorders, substance abuse, hormonal imbalances.
Clinical Features, Signs &
Symptoms of Behavioral Disorders
- Aggression,
irritability, impulsivity.
- Hyperactivity,
inability to focus (seen in ADHD).
- Repetitive
behaviors (e.g., OCD tendencies).
- Social
withdrawal, difficulty in communication.
- Defiance,
rule-breaking, oppositional behavior.
Investigations
- Psychological
Tests – Behavior Rating Scales (CBCL, ADHD Rating Scale).
- Cognitive
Assessments – Intelligence and personality tests.
- Neuroimaging – MRI,
fMRI for brain structure and function analysis.
- Hormonal
& Genetic Testing – To rule out medical
causes.
Treatment
- Behavioral
Therapy – Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Applied Behavior Analysis
(ABA).
- Medications –
Stimulants for ADHD, mood stabilizers for aggression.
- Social
& Parental Training – Guidance for managing
behavioral issues.
- Relaxation
Techniques – Yoga, mindfulness, deep breathing.
Homeopathic Remedies
- Tuberculinum –
Restlessness, disobedience, destructive tendencies.
- Tarentula
Hispanica – Hyperactivity, impulsivity, temper tantrums.
- Stramonium – Violent
outbursts, fears, night terrors.
- Hyoscyamus Niger – Inappropriate behavior, excessive talkativeness, jealousy.
- Veratrum Album – Excessive excitement, mania, rude and destructive behavior.
PSYCHOLOGY INCLUDES:-