Learning: How Your Brain Absorbs and Retains Information

 Learning is the process of acquiring new knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or understanding through experience, study, or teaching. It is a fundamental function of the brain and plays a crucial role in human development and adaptation. Learning can be conscious or unconscious, and it occurs throughout life.

Types of Learning

1. Classical Conditioning – Learning through association, as demonstrated by Pavlov’s experiments with dogs.
2. Operant Conditioning – Learning through rewards and punishments, as studied by B.F. Skinner.
3. Observational Learning – Learning by watching others (modeling), as explained in Bandura’s Social Learning Theory.
4. Cognitive Learning – Learning through understanding, reasoning, and problem-solving.
5. Experiential Learning – Learning through direct experience, often involving hands-on activities.
6. Habituation – Learning by repeated exposure to a stimulus, leading to reduced response.

Causes of Learning Disorders

• Genetic Factors – Dyslexia, ADHD, and other inherited conditions.
• Neurological Factors – Brain injuries, intellectual disabilities.
• Psychological Factors – Anxiety, lack of motivation, emotional distress.
• Environmental Factors – Poor teaching methods, lack of stimulation, stress.

Clinical Features, Signs & Symptoms of Learning Disorders

• Difficulty in reading, writing, or mathematics.
• Problems with memory, comprehension, and reasoning.
• Trouble following instructions and completing tasks.
• Poor concentration and attention span.
• Difficulty in motor coordination and social interactions.

Investigations

1. Psychological Tests – IQ tests (WISC, Stanford-Binet), achievement tests.
2. Neuropsychological Assessments – Assessing cognitive abilities and processing skills.
3. Brain Imaging – MRI, fMRI for structural or functional abnormalities.
4. Behavioral Observations – Classroom or clinical setting assessments.

Treatment

• Special Education Programs – Individualized learning strategies.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) – Helps in improving focus and confidence.
• Speech and Language Therapy – For language-related learning issues.
• Behavioral Modifications – Reward-based learning techniques.
• Pharmacological Treatment – Used in cases of ADHD or severe cognitive impairments.

Homeopathic Remedies

1. Baryta Carbonica – Poor memory, delayed learning in children, slow comprehension.
2. Calcarea Phosphorica – Difficulty in understanding, forgetfulness, slow learners.
3. Anacardium Orientale – Weak memory, confusion, difficulty grasping new concepts.
4. Lycopodium Clavatum – Difficulty in recalling words, slow in learning but good intelligence.
5. Phosphorus – Quick learning but forgets easily, poor concentration.

PSYCHOLOGY INCLUDES:-

1. Mind
2. Behavior
3. Sensation
4. Perception
5. Illusion
6. Hallucination
7. Delusion
8. Memory
9. Thinking
10. Motivation
11. Emotion
12. Imagination and Image
13. Intelligence
14. Aptitude
15. Attention
16. Personality
17. Frustration
18. Conflict
19. Anxiety
20. Psychosomatic manifestation
21. Dreams
22. Developmental Psychology